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More than a century after the Johor-Singapore Causeway opened, it is serving around 300,000 commuters daily.
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With traffic expected to grow by 40 per cent come 2050, both Singapore and Malaysia have plans to cope with the surge in volume.
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CNA takes a look at what’s been announced, and what might come next, for the Causeway.
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铜锣湾中部目前有六条车道。车辆需要通过出入境检查站。沿路的人行道上，行人步行过境。
展望未来，高速公路可能会 更多车道一个 行人自动扶梯， 和 电子收费站 以方便交通。
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Just over 1km long, the Causeway is the busiest land crossing in the world.
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More than just a physical link between the two countries, the bridge – which marked its 100th anniversary earlier this year – inextricably connects the people and economies of both Singapore and Malaysia.
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如今，每天约有 30 万人通过汽车、火车或步行穿越铜锣湾。
据新加坡移民与关卡局 (ICA) 称，预计到 2050 年每天将有超过 40 万人使用长堤。
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With traffic set to increase, changes are expected – on both sides of the Causeway – to improve the travel experience of commuters.
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Both sides have announced some plans and are exploring others to help ease Causeway congestion.
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On the Singapore side, authorities have announced plans to expand Woodlands Checkpoint to five times its current size over the next 10 to 15 years.
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The expansion will involve the demolition and redevelopment of the Old Woodlands Checkpoint as well some of the surrounding residential areas.
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新检查站预计将于 2032 年全面投入运营。为此，将增建 78 个入境汽车入境检查站，几乎是目前 40 个的两倍。
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Meanwhile, 21 additional bi-directional cargo booths will also be installed, up from the current 16 lanes.
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On the Malaysia side, there are also plans to manage congestion.
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In an interview with CNA, Johor’s director for Bangunan Sultan Iskandar (BSI) Mohd Faizal Shamsuddin confirmed that the government plans to implement QR code scanners at all entry points to facilitate passport-free travel and expand the use of its e-gates to more people from “low risk” areas.
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This includes travellers from the European Union, as well as Jordan, China, Qatar, Hong Kong and Taiwan.
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Plans are afoot to build a new pedestrian walkway from Hako Hotel to BSI, which is the customs, immigration and quarantine complex in Johor Bahru, according to the Johor state government.
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The Malaysia federal government has also announced that it would increase the number of motorcycle booths – 25 more at both the entrance and exit points of BSI.
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当局还谈到了为步行穿过铜锣湾的行人准备的空调自动人行道。
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Others, too, have mooted ideas that could help smoothen traffic in both directions.
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Johor state assemblyman Andrew Chen told CNA that both Singapore and Malaysia should work towards a single-point clearance system where travellers would clear immigration for both countries at the point of departure only.
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This is similar to what is being implemented at the Johor Bahru–Singapore Rapid Transit System (RTS) Link.
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“When the traveller is given green light by both countries’ systems to clear, they will be verified and free to go,” added the leader of the opposition in the Johor state assembly, who led a state task force between 2018 and 2020 to tackle congestion issues at the Causeway.
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But even with all these solutions and suggestions, the measures cannot directly overcome one thing: The Causeway has only three lanes in either direction.
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According to transport economics expert Walter Theseira, some measures like increasing the number of immigration booths will come up against such capacity constraints.
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This means that Woodlands Checkpoint can at most process around 20,000 vehicles per hour in one direction during peak hours.
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“And I think if you reflect on that, you will see that it’s acceptable for most of the week, but on public holidays, on those occasions, when everybody wants (to travel), that is just not going to work. No matter what you do in the processing end, you cannot move that many vehicles physically through that link,” said Theseira.
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One way to encourage efficient distribution of traffic is to implement a toll schedule, suggested Theseira.
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This means implementing higher tolls during peak periods when there’s a higher volume of traffic, such as on weekends and certain times during weekdays.
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That would play some role in trying to “divert demand away from the most congested times of day” and could even divert traffic to alternatives such as the Tuas Second Link, he said.
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Transport experts suggested that this can be implemented via electronic toll gantries on the Causeway – similar to the Electronic Road Pricing boards on Singapore highways.
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在这样的龙门处，旅客可以驾驶车辆通过，并自动收取通行费，价格根据他们通过的时间而有所不同。
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Experts also suggested how introducing other modes of transport between Singapore and southern Johor would ease pressure on the Causeway.
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Rosli Azad Khan, a transport planning expert from Selangor-based MDS consultancy, suggested that the two countries consider ramping up ferry services, particularly on the east side between Changi and Pasir Gudang.
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He proposed that these ferries offer services to transport passengers with their motorcycles across at low costs, so that Malaysians working in Singapore will use them.
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He also suggested the two governments consider a cable car network connecting a high-rise point from either side of the Causeway.
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He believes these measures would complement the RTS Link, which will be ready by end-2026.
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交通专家表示，缆车网络与新加坡和柔佛州南部之间的渡轮服务相结合，可以将足够的交通从长堤转移出去，并改善所有人的旅行体验。
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After all’s said and done, the Causeway link between Singapore and Malaysia is an integral part of the lifeblood that courses through both countries’ social and economic fabric today.
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For it to remain so, eliminating roadblocks and easing movement in and out of the country will be key, on top of finding solutions beyond the Causeway. And that is a road worth taking.
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